須

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See also: 须, 鬚, 䇓, and 𩓣
須 U+9808, 須
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9808
← 頇
[U+9807] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 頉 →
[U+9809]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

須 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+3, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹一月金 (HHMBC), four-corner 21286, composition ⿰彡頁)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1399, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43352
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1916, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4358, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9808

Chinese[edit]

trad. 須
simp. 须*
alternative forms 湏
⿰⿱分巾頁
⿰⿱分立頁
⿰⿱分豆頁

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 須
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (須) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
盨 *sraʔ
須 *so
鬚 *so
嬃 *so
蕦 *so

Pictogram (象形) : 彡 (“hair”) + 頁 (“head”) – a head with hair on its side – beard; whiskers — original character of 鬚 (OC *so). Originally a single picture, but abstracted in the seal script into a compound.

Etymology 1[edit]

“to wait”
Schuessler (2007), reconstructing the Old Chinese as *sno, suggests that it is probably a causative derivation from 懦 (OC *njo, “weak; soft”), literally “to make (time) pliant”.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 須
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 相俞切
Baxter sju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɨo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sio/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/suə̆/
Li
Rong 		/sio/
Wang
Li 		/sĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		seoi1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 須
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sju ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]o/
English 斯須 a short time

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 須
Reading # 1/1
No. 13955
Phonetic
component 		須
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		須
Old
Chinese 		/*so/

Definitions[edit]

須

  1. must; have to; should
  2. (alt. form 䇓／𰩧, 𩓣) † to wait
  3. (alt. form 需) † to need
  4. (literary) to halt; to bring to an end
  5. (literary) to use
  6. (literary, or in compounds) short moment
    須臾／须臾  ―  xūyú  ―  in an instant
  7. a surname: Xu
Synonyms[edit]
  • (to halt):
  • (short moment):

Usage notes[edit]

For the sense of "must" or "need to", this word is frequently mistaken with 需 (xū). 須／须 is usually followed by a verb or an adverb while 需 is usually followed by a noun.

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 須 – see 鬚 (“beard; whisker; antenna; feeler; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified form of 鬚).
Notes:

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

須

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. mandatory, necessary
  2. moment, short while
  3. kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Usage notes[edit]

Used in Old Japanese as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨su⟩ and ⟨zu⟩.

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

須 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày[edit]

Noun[edit]

須 (transliteration needed)

  1. Nôm form of tu (“door”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

須: Hán Nôm readings: tua, tu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

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