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See also:
U+814E, 腎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-814E

[U+814D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+814F]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 130, +8 in Chinese, 肉+9 in Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸水月 (SEB), four-corner 77227, composition )

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 987, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29621
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1439, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2086, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+814E

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡjinʔ): phonetic (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic (meat; flesh) – a body part, the kidneys.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(j)un (kidney). Cognate with Burmese ကုန်း (kun:, back).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • san6 - literary (“kidney; testicle”);
  • san5, san5-2 - vernacular (“gizzard”).
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Northern Min
  • Eastern Min
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • sīn - literary;
    • siān/siǎn - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (25)
    Final () (43)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter dzyinX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /d͡ʑiɪnX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /d͡ʑinX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /d͡ʑjenX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /d͡ʑinX/
    Li
    Rong
    /ʑiĕnX/
    Wang
    Li
    /ʑĭĕnX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ʑi̯ĕnX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    shèn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    san6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    shèn
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ dzyinX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*Cə.[ɡ]i[n]ʔ/
    English kidney

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 1344
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɡjinʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. (anatomy) kidney
    2. (traditional Chinese medicine) testicle
    3. (Cantonese) gizzard
      [Cantonese]  ―  gai1 san5 [Jyutping]  ―  chicken gizzard
    4. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, humorous) Deliberate misspelling of (xián).
      [Cantonese]  ―  san5 ze2 zi1 sek6 [Jyutping]  ―  kidney stone

    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    /murato1/ → /murato/.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (むらと) (murato

    1. (obsolete) kidney

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From earlier /murato/. Voicing suggests that it was originally a compound of mura and to.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (むらど) (murado

    1. (obsolete) kidney

    References[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC dzyinX). Recorded as Middle Korean 신〮 (sín) (Yale: sin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 콩팥 (kongpat sin))

    1. Hanja form? of (kidney).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: thận

    1. chữ Hán form of thận (kidney).