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See also:
U+6E9D, 溝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E9D

[U+6E9C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6E9E]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 85, +10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水廿廿月 (ETTB), four-corner 35147, composition )

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 639, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17944
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1046, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1692, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6E9D

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *koː): semantic (water) + phonetic (OC *koː, *koːs).

Etymology 1[edit]

trad.
simp. *
alternative forms 𫤬

Possibly the k-prefix noun of (OC *roːs, “to leak”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note: gau1 - uncommon (due to homophony with ).
Note:
  • gău - vernacular;
  • gĕu - literary.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • kau - vernacular;
    • ko͘/kio - literary.
  • Wu

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /kou⁵⁵/
    Harbin /kou⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /kou²¹/
    Jinan /kou²¹³/
    Qingdao /kou²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /kou²⁴/
    Xi'an /kou²¹/
    Xining /kɯ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /kəu⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /kou³¹/
    Ürümqi /kɤu⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /kəu⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /kəu⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /kəu⁵⁵/
    Kunming /kəu⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /kəɯ³¹/
    Hefei /kɯ²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /kəu¹¹/
    Pingyao /kəu¹³/
    Hohhot /kəu³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /kɤ⁵³/
    Suzhou /kɤ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /kø³³/
    Wenzhou /kau³³/
    Hui Shexian /kiu³¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕiu¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /kəu³³/
    Xiangtan /kəɯ³³/
    Gan Nanchang /kiɛu⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /keu⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /keu²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰɐu⁵³/
    Nanning /kɐu⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /kɐu⁵⁵/
    /kʰɐu⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kɔ⁵⁵/
    /kau⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kau⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ke⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kau³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /kɔu²³/
    /kau²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (137)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter kuw
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kəu/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kəu/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kəu/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kəw/
    Li
    Rong
    /ku/
    Wang
    Li
    /kəu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kə̯u/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    gōu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gau1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    gōu
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ kuw ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[k]ˁ(r)o/
    English irrigation canal

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4185
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*koː/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. ditch; trench; channel (artificial or natural) (Classifier: m;  m)
      排水排水  ―  páishuǐgōu  ―  drainage ditch
    2. trench (military)
        ―  háogōu  ―  trench (military)
      高壘高垒  ―  shēngōugāolěi  ―  to build firm fortifications (literally, “to dig deep trenches and build high defensive walls”)
    3. gully; valley
    4. groove; rut; furrow (Classifier: m)
      屁股屁股  ―  pìgǔ gōu  ―  gluteal cleft
      播種播种  ―  kāi gōu bōzhǒng  ―  to make furrows for sowing seeds
    5. a numeral that refers to 1032 or others

    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    See also[edit]

    Chinese numerals
    104 108 1012 1016 1020 1024 1028 1032 1036 1040 1044 1048
    (wàn) 亿 () (zhào) (Taiwan) (jīng) (Taiwan) (gāi) () (ráng) (gōu) (jiàn) (zhèng) (zài) ()
    萬億万亿 (wànyì)
    (Mainland China)
    /亿亿
    (Mainland China)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    trad.
    simp. *

    Pronunciation[edit]


    Definitions[edit]

    1. Only used in 溝瞀沟瞀 (kòumào, “ignorant”).

    Etymology 3[edit]

    trad.
    simp. *

    Pronunciation[edit]


    Definitions[edit]

    1. (Cantonese) Alternative form of (to mix)

    Etymology 4[edit]

    trad.
    simp. *
    alternative forms

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    1. (chiefly Cantonese) to pick up; to hit on
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 5[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“tributary of a larger river or lake; river; etc.”).
    (This character is a variant form of ).

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai
    Kyūjitai
    [1]

    溝󠄁
    +&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    溝󠄃
    +&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    こう
    Grade: S
    kan’on

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (こう) (

    1. ditch, channel
      (はい)(すい)(こう)haisuidrainage ditch
    2. groove, furrow
      (かい)(こう)kaiocean trench

    Number[edit]

    (こう) (

    1. [from 17th c.] a hundred nonillion, equivalent to 1032

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    うなて
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    池溝

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (うなて) (unate

    1. (agriculture) irrigation ditch
    Usage notes[edit]
    • This term is usually written in kanji in formal or technical contexts (e.g., in a newspaper or in official documentation). In informal contexts, however, it is generally written in hiragana.

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    せせなぎ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (せせなぎ) (sesenagiせせなき (sesenaki)?

    1. channel with rainwater, sewage or other dirty water
      Synonyms: (dobu), 下水 (gesui)
    2. Synonym of せせらぎ (seseragi)
    Usage notes[edit]
    • This term is usually written in kanji in formal or technical contexts (e.g., in a newspaper or in official documentation). In informal contexts, however, it is generally written in hiragana.

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    せせなげ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (せせなげ) (sesenage

    1. Synonym of (sesenagi)
    Usage notes[edit]
    • This term is usually written in kanji in formal or technical contexts (e.g., in a newspaper or in official documentation). In informal contexts, however, it is generally written in hiragana.

    Etymology 5[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    どぶ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    どぶドブ
    [noun] drainage ditch
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.)

    Etymology 6[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    みぞ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *minsə.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (みぞ) (mizo

    1. ditch
      (みぞ)にはまる
      mizo ni hamaru
      get stuck in a ditch
    2. groove, furrow
      レコードの(みぞ)rekōdo no mizorecord grooves
    3. gap between different opinions or emotions; disagreement
      (おお)きな(みぞ)がある。
      Ōki na mizo ga aru.
      There is tremendous disagreement.
      (ふう)()(かん)(みぞ)(ふか)まる。
      Fūfukan no mizo ga fukamaru.
      The gap between the husband and the wife widens [deepens].

    Proper noun[edit]

    (みぞ) (Mizo

    1. a surname

    Etymology 7[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    みぞさき
    Grade: S
    nanori

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    (みぞさき) (Mizosaki

    1. a surname

    References[edit]

    1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (gu) (hangeul , revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: câu

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.