泥

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泥 U+6CE5, 泥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CE5
← 泤
[U+6CE4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 泦 →
[U+6CE6]
泥 U+F9E3, 泥
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E3
← 梨
[U+F9E2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 理 →
[U+F9E4]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

泥 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水尸心 (ESP), four-corner 37111, composition ⿰氵尼)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 617, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17311
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1012, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1595, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6CE5

Chinese[edit]

trad. 泥
simp. # 泥
alternative forms
 
坭
埿
𡊴
𡌰
𢇀
坭
埿
𡊴
𡌰
𢇀
𥩥

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 泥
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (尼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
泥 *niːl, *niːls
屔 *niːl
苨 *niːlʔ
坭 *niːlʔ
迡 *niːls
埿 *braːms, *niːl, *niːls
旎 *nilʔ
狔 *nilʔ
抳 *nilʔ
尼 *nil
呢 *nil
怩 *nil
柅 *nil, *nilʔ
蚭 *nil
跜 *nil
秜 *nil
痆 *rniːd
昵 *niɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *niːl, *niːls) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil).

Etymology 1[edit]

Schuessler (2007) suggests it is of Sino-Tibetan origin and compares it to Lai [script needed] (nôoy-I, nǒoy-II, “be muddy”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Kuki-Chin *nooy ~ *naay (“muddy; dirty”). According to Schuessler (2007), 泥 (OC *niːl, “mud”) is also cognate with 濘 (OC *neːŋs) but not with 涅 (OC *niːɡ), and is distinct from 泥 (OC *niːls, “impeded”).

On the other hand, STEDT compares 泥 (OC *niːl, *niːls) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njak (“filth(y); excrement”), to which 敜 (OC *nɯːb) and 涅 (OC *niːɡ) are also compared.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • nài/nai2 - colloquial;
  • nì/ni2 - literary.
Note:
  • nî/lî - vernacular;
  • lê/nê - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 泥
Mandarin Beijing /ni³⁵/
Harbin /ni²⁴/
Tianjin /ni⁴⁵/
Jinan /ȵi⁴²/
Qingdao /ni⁴²/
/mi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ni⁴²/
Xi'an /ni²⁴/
Xining /mji²⁴/
Yinchuan /mi⁵³/
/ni⁵³/
Lanzhou /ȵi⁵³/
Ürümqi /ȵi⁵¹/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵi³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/
Kunming /ni³¹/
Nanjing /li²⁴/
Hefei /mz̩⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ni¹¹/ ～皮
/ni⁴⁵/ ～匠
Pingyao /ȵi¹³/ ～牆牆
/ȵi³⁵/ ～匠
Hohhot /ni³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵi²³/
Suzhou /ȵi¹³/
Hangzhou /ȵi²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵi³¹/
Hui Shexian /ni⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵie⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ȵi¹³/
Xiangtan /ȵi¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵi⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /nai¹¹/
/ni¹¹/
Taoyuan /nɑi¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /nɐi²¹/
Nanning /nɐi²¹/
Hong Kong /nɐi²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ne³⁵/
/ni³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nɛ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ni²¹/
/nai³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /nĩ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ni³¹/
Rime
Character 泥
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 奴低切
Baxter nej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/nei/
Pan
Wuyun 		/nei/
Shao
Rongfen 		/nɛi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/nɛj/
Li
Rong 		/nei/
Wang
Li 		/niei/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/niei/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ní
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		nai4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 泥
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ní
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nej ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.nˁ[əj]/
English mud

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 泥
Reading # 1/2
No. 9417
Phonetic
component 		尼
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		泥
Old
Chinese 		/*niːl/

Definitions[edit]

泥

  1. mud (Classifier: 嚿 c; 坺 c)
    滿腳是泥／满脚是泥  ―  mǎn jiǎo shì ní  ―  mud all over one's feet
    軟泥／软泥  ―  ruǎnní  ―  soft mud
    泥娃娃  ―  níwáwá  ―  clay doll
  2. (dialectal) soil; earth
    一嚿泥 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 gau6 nai4 [Jyutping]  ―  a clod of earth
  3. any mush-like substance
    薯泥  ―  shǔní  ―  mashed potato
    泥膠／泥胶  ―  níjiāo  ―  Blu-Tack
    鷹嘴豆泥／鹰嘴豆泥  ―  yīngzuǐdòuní  ―  hummus
  4. (obsolete) paint (used on walls)
  5. An ancient river in modern Hunan
  6. An ancient river in modern Gansu
  7. (obsolete) weak
  8. (Chinese mythology) a kind of animal that lived in sea
  9. a surname
  10. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 泥 (MC nej)
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 泥 (“mud”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 塗, 泥
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 泥
Mandarin Beijing 泥, 泥巴, 泥巴兒
Taiwan 泥巴
Tianjin 泥
Tangshan 泥
Baoding 泥, 泥巴
Shijiazhuang 泥
Chifeng 泥, 泥巴
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 泥
Harbin 泥, 泥巴
Shenyang 泥
Yantai (Muping) 泥
Qingdao 泥
Jinan 泥巴, 泥
Luoyang 泥巴
Wanrong 泥
Zhengzhou 泥
Xi'an 泥
Lanzhou 泥, 泥巴
Xining 泥
Ürümqi 泥巴
Wuhan 泥巴
Chengdu 泥巴
Chongqing 泥巴
Guiyang 泥巴
Kunming 泥, 泥巴
Guilin 泥巴
Liuzhou 泥, 泥巴
Xuzhou 泥
Yangzhou 泥, 泥巴, 爛泥
Nanjing 泥, 泥巴
Hefei 泥巴
Nantong 泥, 爛泥
Cantonese Guangzhou 泥
Hong Kong 泥
Dongguan 泥
Yangjiang 泥
Gan Nanchang 泥巴
Lichuan 泥
Jianning 泥
Taining 泥
Hakka Meixian 泥
Pinghe (Jiufeng) 泥
Changting 泥
Shanghang 泥
Yongding 泥
Liancheng 泥
Ninghua 泥
Qingliu 泥
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 泥
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 泥
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 泥
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 泥沙
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 泥
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 泥
Huizhou Jixi 泥, 糊泥
Jin Taiyuan 泥
Xinzhou 泥
Linhe 泥
Jining 泥
Hohhot 泥
Zhangjiakou 泥
Handan 泥
Northern Min Jian'ou 泥
Songxi 泥
Zhenghe 泥
Jianyang 泥
Wuyishan 泥
Eastern Min Fuzhou 塗
Changle 塗
Lianjiang 塗
Fuqing 塗
Pingtan 塗
Yongtai 塗
Minqing 塗
Gutian 塗
Pingnan 塗
Luoyuan 塗
Fu'an 塗
Ningde 塗
Xiapu 塗
Zherong 塗
Shouning 塗
Zhouning 塗
Fuding 塗
Southern Min Xiamen 塗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 塗
Quanzhou 塗
Jinjiang 塗
Nan'an 塗
Shishi 塗
Hui'an 塗
Anxi 塗
Yongchun 塗
Dehua 塗
Zhangzhou 塗
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 塗
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 塗
Hua'an 塗
Nanjing 塗
Pinghe 塗
Zhangpu 塗
Yunxiao 塗
Zhao'an 塗
Dongshan 塗
Taipei 塗 GT
Kinmen 塗
Longyan 塗
Zhangping 塗
Datian 塗
Chaozhou 塗
Shantou 塗
Shantou (Chenghai) 塗
Jieyang 塗
Haifeng 塗
Leizhou 塗
Haikou 塗
Puxian Min Putian 塗
Xianyou 塗
Central Min Yong'an 泥
Sanyuan 泥
Shaxian 泥
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 泥
Guangze 泥
Jiangle 泥
Mingxi 泥
Shunchang 泥
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 泥
Wu Shanghai 爛泥, 爛糊泥
Suzhou 爛泥, 爛污泥
Danyang 泥, 爛泥
Hangzhou 泥巴, 爛污泥, 爛泥
Ningbo 爛污泥, 淖泥, 爛泥
Wenzhou 爛污泥, 爛污泥兒, 爛泥, 泥
Pucheng 泥
Xiang Changsha 泥巴
Loudi 泥巴
Shuangfeng 泥巴
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Dialectal synonyms of 土 (“earth; soil (dry)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 土
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 土
Mandarin Beijing 土
Harbin 土
Jinan 土, 土拉
Wuhan 泥巴
Chengdu 泥巴
Guiyang 泥巴
Guilin 土
Liuzhou 泥, 泥巴
Yangzhou 泥, 爛泥
Hefei 土
Cantonese Guangzhou 泥
Hong Kong 泥
Dongguan 泥
Yangjiang 泥
Beihai 泥
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 土
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 土
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 土, 泥
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 泥
Móng Cái 土, 泥
Gan Nanchang 泥巴, 土
Hakka Meixian 泥
Xingning 泥
Huidong (Daling) 泥
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 泥
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 泥
Changting 泥
Wuping 泥
Wuping (Pingyu) 泥
Liancheng 泥
Ruijin 泥, 那泥
Shicheng 泥
Shangyou (Shexi) 泥
Huizhou Jixi 糊泥
Jin Taiyuan 土
Xinzhou 土
Northern Min Jian'ou 泥
Songxi 泥
Zhenghe 泥
Jianyang 泥
Wuyishan 泥
Eastern Min Fuzhou 塗
Changle 塗
Lianjiang 塗
Fuqing 塗
Pingtan 塗
Yongtai 塗
Minqing 塗
Gutian 塗
Pingnan 塗
Luoyuan 塗
Fu'an 塗
Ningde 塗
Xiapu 塗
Zherong 塗
Shouning 塗
Zhouning 塗
Fuding 塗
Southern Min Xiamen 塗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 塗
Quanzhou 塗
Jinjiang 塗
Nan'an 塗
Shishi 塗
Hui'an 塗
Anxi 塗
Yongchun 塗
Dehua 塗
Zhangzhou 塗
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 塗
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 塗
Hua'an 塗
Nanjing 塗
Pinghe 塗
Zhangpu 塗
Yunxiao 塗
Zhao'an 塗
Dongshan 塗
Kinmen 塗
Manila (Hokkien) 塗
Longyan 塗
Zhangping 塗
Datian 塗
Chaozhou 塗
Shantou 塗
Shantou (Chenghai) 塗
Jieyang 塗
Leizhou 塗
Wenchang 塗
Haikou 塗
Puxian Min Putian 塗
Xianyou 塗
Central Min Yong'an 泥
Sanyuan 泥
Shaxian 泥
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 泥
Wu Shanghai 爛泥, 爛糊泥
Shanghai (Chongming) 爛泥
Suzhou 爛泥, 硬爛泥
Danyang 爛泥
Hangzhou 爛污泥
Ningbo 淖泥, 爛泥
Wenzhou 爛污泥, 爛污泥兒, 爛泥, 泥
Jinhua 糊泥, 泥
Xiang Changsha 泥巴
Xiangxiang 土
Shuangfeng 土

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Schuessler (2007) suggests it is the exopassive derivation of 敜 (OC *nɯːb, “to stop up”) or 涅 (OC *niːɡ, “to stop up”) and is distinct from 泥 (OC *niːl, “mud”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 泥
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 奴計切
Baxter nejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/neiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/neiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/nɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/nɛjH/
Li
Rong 		/neiH/
Wang
Li 		/nieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/nieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		nì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		nai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 泥
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ní
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nejH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nˁər(ʔ)-s/
English impeded, obstructed (Lunyu)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 泥
Reading # 2/2
No. 9421
Phonetic
component 		尼
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		泥
Old
Chinese 		/*niːls/

Definitions[edit]

泥

  1. to hold up; to bog down
  2. to plaster; to cover with plaster
  3. stubborn; obstinate
    拘泥  ―  jūní  ―  to rigidly adhere to
  4. to pester using soft words
  5. to be obsessed with and be reluctant to let go of

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

泥

  1. Only used in 泥泥.

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

泥

  1. Only used in 泥母.

Etymology 5[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 泥 – see 涅 (“black mud; melanterite; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 涅).

Etymology 6[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 泥 – see 屔.
(This character is a variant form of 屔).

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

泥

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
泥
どろ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Noun[edit]

泥(どろ) • (doro) 

  1. mud
Derived terms[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 泥 (MC nej|nejH). Recorded as Middle Korean 니 (ni) (Yale: ni) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

泥 (eumhun 진흙 니 (jinheuk ni), South Korea 진흙 이 (jinheuk i))

  1. Hanja form? of 니/이 (“mud; dirt”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

泥: Hán Nôm readings: nề, nê, nệ, nè, nể, nễ, nơi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

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