挑

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挑 U+6311, 挑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6311
← 挐
[U+6310] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 挒 →
[U+6312]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

挑 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手中一人 (QLMO), four-corner 52013, composition ⿰扌兆)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 430, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12055
  • Dae Jaweon: page 780, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1872, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6311

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 挑
alternative forms 窕 provoke
㨄 provoke
𢬹

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 挑
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (兆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
挑 *l̥ʰaːw, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːwʔ
洮 *l̥ʰaːw, *l'aːw, *lew
桃 *l'aːw
逃 *l'aːw
咷 *l'aːw, *l̥ʰeːws
鼗 *l'aːw
鞉 *l'aːw
駣 *l'aːw, *l'aːwʔ, *l'aːws, *l'ewʔ
𣂁 *sl̥ʰew
脁 *l̥ʰews
晁 *l'ew
兆 *l'ewʔ
旐 *l'ewʔ
狣 *l'ewʔ
鮡 *l'ewʔ, *l'eːw
垗 *l'ewʔ
姚 *lew
珧 *lew
銚 *lew, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːws
恌 *lew, *l̥ʰeːw
烑 *lew
餆 *lew
筄 *lews
艞 *lews
佻 *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːw
祧 *l̥ʰeːw
朓 *l̥ʰeːw, *l̥ʰeːwʔ
庣 *l̥ʰeːw
趒 *l̥ʰeːw, *l̥ʰeːws, *l'eːw
聎 *l̥ʰeːw
眺 *l̥ʰeːws
覜 *l̥ʰeːws
頫 *l̥ʰeːws, *poʔ
絩 *l̥ʰeːws
跳 *l̥ʰeːws, *l'eːw
窕 *l'eːwʔ
誂 *l'eːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːw, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːwʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • thiau - literary;
  • thio - vernacular.
Rime
Character 挑
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 蕭 (93)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 吐彫切
Baxter thew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰeu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰeu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰeu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰɛw/
Li
Rong 		/tʰeu/
Wang
Li 		/tʰieu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰieu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tiāo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tiu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 挑
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tiāo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thew ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ˁew/
English scratch, stir up

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 挑
Reading # 2/3
No. 16871
Phonetic
component 		兆
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		祧
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ʰeːw/

Definitions[edit]

挑

  1. to pick; to select; to choose
  2. to nitpick
  3. to carry (something) on a shoulder pole
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 選 (“to choose”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 選, 擇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 挑選, 選擇, 揀選, 挑揀
Mandarin Beijing 挑, 揀
Taiwan 挑, 選
Tianjin 挑, 揀
Chengde 挑, 揀
Tangshan 挑, 揀
Cangzhou 挑, 揀
Baoding 挑, 揀, 選
Shijiazhuang 挑
Chifeng 挑, 選擇, 揀
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 揀選
Heihe 挑, 選, 揀
Qiqihar 挑, 選, 揀
Harbin 挑, 選, 選擇, 揀
Jiamusi 挑, 選
Baicheng 挑, 選
Changchun 挑
Tonghua 挑
Shenyang 挑, 選, 選擇, 揀
Dandong 挑, 挑選, 揀
Jinzhou 挑, 選, 選擇, 揀
Dalian 挑
Yantai 挑
Yantai (Muping) 挑
Qingdao 挑, 揀
Lijin 挑, 揀
Zhucheng 剔, 揀
Jinan 挑, 揀
Jining 挑, 剔
Luoyang 揀, 挑, 選
Wanrong 揀, 挑
Shangqiu 挑, 選, 選擇, 揀
Yuanyang 挑, 選, 揀
Zhengzhou 挑, 揀
Lingbao 挑, 揀
Xinyang 擇
Baihe 挑, 選
Hanzhong 挑, 選, 揀
Xi'an 挑, 揀, 挑揀, 選擇
Baoji 挑, 挑選, 揀
Yinchuan 挑, 選擇, 選, 揀
Tianshui 選擇, 揀
Lanzhou 挑, 揀
Dunhuang 揀
Xining 揀, 挑
Hami 挑
Ürümqi 挑, 揀, 選
Wuhan 擇, 挑, 選, 選擇
Yichang 挑, 選, 揀
Xiangyang 挑, 選, 選擇
Tianmen 挑, 選, 選擇
Hong'an 擇, 選, 挑
Chengdu 挑, 選
Nanchong 挑, 選, 選擇
Dazhou 挑選
Hanyuan 挑
Xichang 挑, 挑選
Zigong 選, 找
Chongqing 挑, 刁
Guiyang 揀, 選, 挑選
Zunyi 選
Bijie 挑
Liping 挑, 挑選
Zhaotong 刁
Dali 挑選
Kunming 挑選, 揀
Mengzi 挑
Guilin 選
Guilin (Lingui) 選
Liuzhou 挑, 選, 選擇
Changde 選
Anqing 挑, 選, 揀
Xuzhou 挑, 選, 揀
Fuyang 挑, 選, 選擇
Wuhu 揀, 挑, 選
Yangzhou 揀, 挑, 選
Lianyungang 挑, 選, 揀
Lianshui 揀
Nanjing 挑, 揀
Hefei 揀, 選, 挑
Nantong 挑, 揀
Singapore 選
Cantonese Guangzhou 揀, 挑
Hong Kong 揀
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 揀
Macau 揀
Guangzhou (Panyu) 揀
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 揀
Guangzhou (Conghua) 揀
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 揀
Foshan 揀
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 揀
Foshan (Shunde) 揀
Foshan (Sanshui) 揀
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 揀
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 揀
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 揀
Zhuhai (Doumen) 揀
Jiangmen (Baisha) 揀
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 揀
Taishan 揀
Kaiping (Chikan) 揀
Enping (Niujiang) 揀
Heshan (Yayao) 揀
Dongguan 揀
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 揀
Yangjiang 揀
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 揀
Singapore (Guangfu) 揀
Gan Nanchang 揀
Lichuan 揀, 擇
Pingxiang 揀
Hakka Meixian 挑, 擇
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 揀
Dongguan (Qingxi) 揀, 擇
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 揀
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 揀
Wengyuan 擇
Liannan 揀
Conghua (Lütian) 揀
Jiexi 擇
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 擇
Changting 擇
Wuping (Yanqian) 擇
Ninghua 擇
Yudu 擇
Ningdu 揀, 擇
Tonggu (Sandu) 揀, 擇
Ganzhou (Panlong) 擇
Dayu 擇
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 揀, 擇
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 揀, 擇
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 揀, 擇
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 揀, 擇
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 揀, 擇
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 擇
Hong Kong 擇
Yangxi (Tangkou) 揀
Yangchun (Sanjia) 揀
Xinyi (Sihe) 揀
Xinyi (Qianpai) 揀
Gaozhou (Xindong) 揀
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 揀
Huazhou (Xin'an) 揀
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 擇
Lianjiang (Qingping) 揀
Mengshan (Xihe) 選
Luchuan 揀
Sabah (Bao'an) 揀
Senai (Huiyang) 揀
Huizhou Jixi 揀, 擇
Shexian 擇, 揀
Jin Taiyuan 挑
Yangyuan 挑, 選擇, 選, 揀
Datong 挑
Xinzhou 挑, 選
Lishi 挑, 揀
Linfen 挑揀
Changzhi 揀, 挑揀
Linhe 揀, 挑, 挑選
Jining 挑, 選擇
Hohhot 挑, 揀
Erenhot 挑
Pingshan 挑, 揀
Zhangjiakou 挑, 揀
Handan 挑, 挑揀
Linzhou 挑, 揀
Suide 挑, 選, 揀
Northern Min Jian'ou 剔, 擇
Eastern Min Fuzhou 揀, 挑, 選
Southern Min Xiamen 揀, 選
Xiamen (Tong'an) 揀
Quanzhou 揀, 選
Zhangzhou 揀, 選, 揀擇
Singapore (Hokkien) 選, 揀
Manila (Hokkien) 揀, 選
Chaozhou 擇, 揀
Jieyang 揀
Bangkok (Teochew) 揀
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 選
Singapore (Teochew) 揀, 選
Batam (Teochew) 選
Leizhou 揀, 挑
Wenchang 揀, 選
Haikou 揀
Qionghai 揀, 選
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 選
Wu Shanghai 揀, 選
Shanghai (Chongming) 挑, 揀
Suzhou 揀, 挑
Danyang 挑, 揀, 選
Hangzhou 挑
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 挑, 選, 擇揀
Ningbo 揀
Wenzhou 揀, 挑, 剔
Jinhua 擇
Xiang Changsha 選, 挑, 揀
Loudi 擇
Shuangfeng 擇, 揀, 挑

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note:
  • thiau - literary;
  • thio - vernacular.
    Rime
    Character 挑
    Reading # 3/3
    Initial (聲) 定 (7)
    Final (韻) 蕭 (93)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 徒了切
    Baxter dewX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/deuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/deuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/deuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/dɛwX/
    Li
    Rong         		/deuX/
    Wang
    Li         		/dieuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/dʱieuX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		diào
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		diu6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 挑
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		tiǎo
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dewX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*lˁewʔ/
    English provoke

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 挑
    Reading # 3/3
    No. 16892
    Phonetic
    component         		兆
    Rime
    group         		宵
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		窕
    Old
    Chinese         		/*l'eːwʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    挑

    1. to provoke; to incite
    2. to poke
    3. to bring something into the open; to make public

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    Rime
    Character 挑
    Reading # 2/3
    Initial (聲) 透 (6)
    Final (韻) 豪 (89)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 土刀切
    Baxter thaw
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/tʰɑu/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/tʰɑu/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/tʰɑu/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/tʰaw/
    Li
    Rong         		/tʰɑu/
    Wang
    Li         		/tʰɑu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/tʰɑu/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		tāo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		tou1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 挑
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 16842
    Phonetic
    component         		兆
    Rime
    group         		宵
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		饕
    Old
    Chinese         		/*l̥ʰaːw/

    Definitions[edit]

    挑

    1. Only used in 挑達／挑达 (tāotà, “walking back and forth; coming and going”).

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    挑

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. challenge
    2. contend for
    3. make love to

    Readings[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 挑 (MC dewX); compare Mandarin 挑 (tiǎo):

    From Middle Chinese 挑 (MC thew); compare Mandarin 挑 (tiāo):

    From Middle Chinese 挑 (MC thaw); compare Mandarin 挑 (tāo):

    From native Japanese roots:

    Compounds[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 挑 (MC thew|thaw|dewX).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    挑 (eumhun 돋울 도 (dodul do))
    挑 (eumhun 기릴 조 (giril jo))

    1. Hanja form? of 도/조 (“a load carried on the shoulders”).
    2. Hanja form? of 도/조 (“carry”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
    • Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005). [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    挑: Hán Nôm readings: vẹo, khêu, khều, khiêu, khểu, treo, trẹo

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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