洞

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洞 U+6D1E, 洞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D1E
← 洝
[U+6D1D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 洟 →
[U+6D1F]
洞 U+FA05, 洞
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA05
← 宅
[U+FA04] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 暴 →
[U+FA06]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

洞 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水月一口 (EBMR), four-corner 37120, composition ⿰氵同)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 620, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17386
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1016, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1607, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6D1E

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 洞

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (同) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鮦 *duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ
侗 *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
恫 *tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs
痌 *tʰoːŋ
同 *doːŋ
仝 *zlon, *doːŋ
銅 *doːŋ
桐 *doːŋ
峒 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
硐 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
筒 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
洞 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
烔 *doːŋ
挏 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
酮 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
鲖
眮 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
衕 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
哃 *doːŋ
絧 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
姛 *doːŋʔ
詷 *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
胴 *doːŋs
駧 *doːŋs
迵 *doːŋs
戙 *doːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːŋ, *doːŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).

Etymology[edit]

“hole; cavity” > “penetrating; thorough; zero”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dwa(ː)ŋ (“hole; orifice; cave; pit; well”). Cognate with Burmese တွင်း (twang:), Tibetan དོང (dong, “deep hole; pit”) and Jingpho kha-thung (“well, pit”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • dang7 - vernacular;
  • tong7 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 洞
Mandarin Beijing /tuŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /tuŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /tuŋ⁵³/
Jinan /tuŋ²¹/
Qingdao /təŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tuŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /tuŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /tuə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /tuŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /tũn¹³/
Ürümqi /tuŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /toŋ³⁵/
Chengdu /toŋ¹³/
Guiyang /toŋ²¹³/
Kunming /toŋ¹/
Nanjing /toŋ⁴⁴/
Hefei /təŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tuəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /tuŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /tũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /doŋ²³/
Suzhou /doŋ³¹/
Hangzhou /doŋ¹³/
Wenzhou /doŋ²²/
Hui Shexian /tʰʌ̃²²/
Tunxi /tan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /toŋ⁵⁵/
/toŋ¹¹/
Xiangtan /dən²¹/
Gan Nanchang /tʰuŋ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /tʰuŋ⁵³/
Taoyuan /tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /toŋ²²/
Nanning /tuŋ²²/
Hong Kong /tuŋ²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tɔŋ²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tɔyŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tɔŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /taŋ³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdoŋ³³/
/ʔdoŋ²³/ ～房
Rime
Character 洞
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒弄切
Baxter duwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/duŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dəwŋH/
Li
Rong 		/duŋH/
Wang
Li 		/duŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱuŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dung6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 洞
Reading # 2/2
No. 12469
Phonetic
component 		同
Rime
group 		東
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		洞
Old
Chinese 		/*doːŋs/

Definitions[edit]

洞

  1. hole; cavity; cave
  2. (literary, or in compounds) thorough; penetrating
  3. the numeral zero (used in radio communications in aviation and by the military)
  4. dong, a submunicipal administrative division in North and South Korea
Synonyms[edit]
  • (hole):
Dialectal synonyms of 孔 (“hole”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 孔, 洞, 穴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 孔, 洞, 孔洞, 空洞, 空穴
Mandarin Beijing 窟窿
Jinan 窟窿
Luoyang 窟窿
Wanrong 窟窿
Xi'an 窟窿子, 窟窿
Wuhan 窟窿, 窟眼, 洞洞, 洞
Chengdu 窟窿, 洞洞, 洞
Liuzhou 窿
Yangzhou 洞, 窟窿
Nanjing 窟窿
Hefei 窟窿, 洞
Singapore 洞
Cantonese Guangzhou 窿, 咕窿
Hong Kong 窿, 咕窿
Taishan 孔
Yangjiang 窿
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 窿
Singapore (Guangfu) 窿
Gan Nanchang 洞
Hakka Meixian 窿仔, 窿空仔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 空
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 空
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 空
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 空
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 空
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 空
Jin Taiyuan 窟窿, 窟子
Northern Min Jian'ou 川
Eastern Min Fuzhou 空空
Southern Min Xiamen 空, 空口
Quanzhou 空
Zhangzhou 空口
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 空
Taipei 空
Penang (Hokkien) 空
Singapore (Hokkien) 空
Manila (Hokkien) 空
Chaozhou 空
Jieyang 空, 洞
Haifeng 空
Singapore (Teochew) 空
Singapore (Hainanese) 空
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 窿
Wu Suzhou 洞
Wenzhou 洞, 窟, 窟窿
Jinhua 窟窿
Xiang Changsha 洞, 洞子
Shuangfeng 眼貢, 洞
  • (zero):
Dialectal synonyms of 零 (“zero”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 零, 洞 as a digit
Mandarin Beijing 零
Taiwan 零
Harbin 零
Yantai (Muping) 零
Jinan 零
Luoyang 零
Xi'an 零
Yinchuan 零
Lanzhou 零
Xining 零
Ürümqi 零
Wuhan 零
Chengdu 零
Guiyang 零
Liuzhou 零
Xuzhou 零
Yangzhou 零
Nanjing 零
Malaysia 零
Singapore 零
Cantonese Guangzhou 零
Hong Kong 零
Macau 零
Dongguan 零
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 零
Singapore (Guangfu) 零
Gan Lichuan 零
Pingxiang 零
Hakka Meixian 零
Yudu 零
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 零
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 零
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 零
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 零
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 零
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 零
Huizhou Jixi 零
Jin Taiyuan 零
Xinzhou 零
Northern Min Jian'ou 零
Eastern Min Fuzhou 零, 環
Southern Min Xiamen 空, 零
Quanzhou 空
Zhangzhou 空
Taipei 空
Kaohsiung 空
Tainan 空
Penang (Hokkien) 空
Singapore (Hokkien) 空
Manila (Hokkien) 空
Chaozhou 空
Shantou 空
Singapore (Teochew) 空
Batam (Teochew) 空
Leizhou 零
Wenchang 空, 零
Haikou 空, 零
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 零
Wu Shanghai 零
Shanghai (Chongming) 零
Suzhou 零
Hangzhou 零
Ningbo 零
Wenzhou 零
Jinhua 零

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 洞
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒紅切
Baxter duwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/duŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dəwŋ/
Li
Rong 		/duŋ/
Wang
Li 		/duŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tung4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 洞
Reading # 1/2
No. 12453
Phonetic
component 		同
Rime
group 		東
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		同
Old
Chinese 		/*doːŋ/

Definitions[edit]

洞

  1. Only used in 澒洞／𭱊洞 (hòngtóng) and 洪洞 (Hóngtóng, “Hongtong”).

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

洞

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. Cave, den, grotto

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese 洞 (MC duwngH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [to̞(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [동(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

洞 (eumhun 골 동 (gol dong))

  1. Hanja form? of 동 (“hole; cavity; cave”).
  2. Hanja form? of 동 (“dong, a submunicipal administrative division in North and South Korea”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 2[edit]

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tʰo̞(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [통(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja[edit]

洞 (eumhun 밝을 통 (balgeul tong))

  1. Hanja form? of 통 (“bright; thorough; penetrating”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

洞: Hán Nôm readings: đọng, động, đùng, dộng, dọng, đỗng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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