From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also:
U+62F3, 拳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62F3

[U+62F2]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+62F4]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 64, +6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火手手 (FQQ), four-corner 90502, composition )

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 428, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11996
  • Dae Jaweon: page 777, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1864, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+62F3

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡron): phonetic () + semantic (hand) – a fist is a form of a hand.

Etymology[edit]

From (OC *ɡron, “to bent; to curve”) (Schuessler, 2007; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • kûn - vernacular;
  • koân/khoân - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (30)
    Final () (80)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter gjwen
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɡˠiuᴇn/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɡʷᵚiɛn/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɡiuæn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /gwian/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɡjuɛn/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɡĭwɛn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /gi̯wɛn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    quán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    kyun4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    quán
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ gjwen ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*N-kro[n]/
    English fist (< rolled-up hand)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7165
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɡron/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. fist
    2. Chinese boxing
    3. Classifier for strikes made with a fist.
    4. Alternative form of (quán, to curl; to bend up)
    5. a surname
    6. Martial

    Synonyms[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (けん) (ken)
    • Korean: 권(拳) (gwon)
    • Vietnamese: quyền ()
  • Bouyei: jianz
  • Zhuang: gienz
  • Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2][3][4]

    拳󠄁
    +&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    拳󠄃
    +&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. ken, a game played with the hands; a game of hands; in Italian, mor(r)a, a game in which two (or more) players each suddenly display a hand showing zero to five fingers and call out what they think will be the sum of all fingers shown.
    2. fist, usually as a suffix in the names of martial art moves

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    こぶし
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    こぶし
    [noun] [from 810] fist
    [noun] [from early 1300s] the shape of the hand when gripping a sword hilt
    [noun] [from early 1300s] (by extension) swordsmanship, ability with a sword
    [noun] [from 1500s] the shape of the hand when gripping a bow
    [noun] [from 1500s] (by extension) bowmanship, ability with a bow
    [noun] [from 1588] (by extension from the fist of a falconer) huntsmanship, hunting ability
    こぶしコブシ
    [noun] [from circa 1165] the Kobushi magnolia, Magnolia kobus
    Alternative spelling
    辛夷
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    けん
    Grade: S
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese (MC gjwen).

    The standalone noun senses are first cited to texts from the 1500s.[5]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (けん) (ken

    1. [from 1500s] a fist
      Synonyms: (kobushi), 握り拳 (nigiri kobushi), 拳固 (genko), 拳骨 (genkotsu)
    2. [after 1560] any of the martial arts that use the fists for striking, such as 空手 (karate)
    3. [after 1644] any of several finger-shape games, including じゃんけんぽん (jankenpon, rock paper scissors)

    Suffix[edit]

    (けん) (-ken

    1. (martial arts) used in the names of styles, or moves that involve punching
      Antonym: (-kyaku)
      (とう)(ろう)(けん)
      tōrōken
      mantis style
      (たい)(きょく)(けん)
      taikyokuken
      tai chi
      ()(どう)(けん)
      Hadōken
      Surge Fist
      • 1999 February 20 [1994 April 15], Rumiko Takahashi, “PART(パート).2 [海](うみ)[千](せん)[拳](けん)と[山](やま)[千](せん)[拳](けん)”, in らんま½, 10th edition, volume 28 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN:
        やつの(もく)(てき)はおそらく、(やま)(せん)(けん)(つい)をなす(うみ)(せん)(けん)()(でん)(しょ)
        Yatsu no mokuteki wa osoraku, Yamasenken to tsui o nasu Umisenken no hidensho.
        He must be looking for the scroll for Umisenken, the antithesis of Yamasenken.
        (うみ)(せん)(けん)
        Umisenken?
        Umisenken?
      • 2000 December 20 [1999 May 17], Maekawa, Takeshi, “(すい)(めん)(たたか)いの(まき)”, in (しん)(てっ)(けん)チンミ, 2nd edition, volume 6 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 158–161:
        (こん)()はこっちの(ばん)だソウビ‼
        Kondo wa kotchi no ban da Sōbi‼
        It’s my turn now, Sōbi‼
        Mu
        Mm?
        (つう)‥‥(はい)‥‥(けん)‼‼
        Tsū‥‥hai‥‥ken‼‼
        Tong‥‥bei‥‥quan‼‼
        (つう)(はい)(けん)()(はし)でみせたあの(わざ)で (みず)を‥‥‼
        Tsūhaiken⁉ Tsurihashi de miseta ano waza de Mizu o‥‥‼
        Tongbeiquan⁉ I saw him use this move at the suspension bridge, but now on water‥‥⁉
      • 2001 January 23, Masami Kurumada, “女神(アテナ)聖闘士(セイント)(まき)”, in Saint(セイント)(セイ)(), volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 60:
        ペガサス(りゅう)(せい)(けん)
        Pegasasu Ryūseiken
        Pegasus Meteor Fists‼
      • 2004 September 8, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “(だい)36() カーニバル[(まつり)”, in ()(ソウ)(レン)(キン), volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
        (ちょく)(げき)!ブラボー(けん)
        Chokugeki! Burabō-ken
        Direct! Bravo Punch‼

    References[edit]

    1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
    2. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “”, in 字通 (Jitsū)[2] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
    3. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 945 (paper), page 522 (digital)
    4. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927) 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 579 (paper), page 302 (digital)
    5. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    6. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    7. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC gjwen).

    Recorded as Middle Korean  (Yale: kkwen) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

    Recorded as Middle Korean (kwen) (Yale: kwen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 주먹 (jumeok gwon))

    1. Hanja form? of (fist).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: quyền, quèn, long, thành

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.